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Īutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic cause of renal failure.

Thus, intracellular calcium levels are increased, and cell proliferation is regulated through the Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway. After calcium inflow, more calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum through polycystin 2 and ryanodine receptors or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. Primary cilia on tubular cells are bent by shear stress from urinary flow, and this results in calcium flow in the primary cilia through a complex of polycystin 1 and polycystin 2, transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1), or transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). They contain signaling cascades, such as the non-canonical Wnt-PCP signaling pathway, for establishing apicobasal polarity. Primary cilia sense mechanical or chemical stress. This microfluidic device could, thus, be useful in the analysis of the morphology of the primary cilia, under low perfusion conditions.Įach vertebrate cell, excluding those of myeloid or lymphoid origin, has a primary cilium on the apical surface of the plasma membrane. It was also observed that the elongated primary cilia were more sensitive to shear stress than those with normal morphology. The results showed that primary cilia were elongated by hydrogen peroxide, which induces oxidative stress. The microfluidic device was designed to expose even shear stress in the observed area while supplying drugs in four different stepwise concentrations. In this study, we developed a new microfluidic device to monitor changes in the intracellular calcium levels while modulating shear stress on the cilia under different degrees of oxidative stress. However, in the context of diminished kidney function, this elongation is yet to be investigated. Elongation of primary cilia is reported to occur due to oxidative stress, which is a major cause of ischemia-reperfusion injury and is accompanied by decreased kidney function. Bending of the primary cilia with shear stress from urinary flow results in the elevation of intracellular calcium levels and activation of signaling pathways that maintain kidney function. Primary cilia of tubular cells are sensory organelles.

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